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Thought-Process to Discover Knowledge

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Books and other education websites provide "matter-of-fact" knowledge. Instead, nubtrek provides a thought-process to discover knowledge.

In each of the topic, the outline of the thought-process, for that topic, is provided for learners and educators.

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mathsFoundation of Algebra with Numerical ArithmeticsFoundation of Algebra (Summary)

Algebra : First Principles (Summary)

This topic provides a simple summary of foundation of algebra with some examples.

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Summary of what we have learned so far:

•  Numerical Expressions can be modified as per Laws and Properties of Arithmetics (LPA) without changing the value of the expressions.

•  Numerical Equations consists of numerical expressions on left hand side and right hand side.

•  Multiple Numerical equations can be added, subtracted, multiplied, divided into new equations.

•  A numerical expression can be modified as per Laws and Properties of Arithmetics to arrive at an equivalent numerical expression, which together is a numerical identity.

•  A Numerical Inequation and an equation can be combined, by addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division -- into a derived inequation.

Each of the above form the basis for multiple parts of algebra.

We learned that "Numerical expressions are statements of quantities with numbers and arithmetic operations".

Algebraic expressions are statements of quantities with variables, numbers, and arithmetic operations.

eg: x^2-x+4 is an algebraic expression with variable x.

We learned that "Numerical Expressions can be modified as per Laws and Properties of Arithmetics (LPA) without changing the value of the numerical expressions".

Algebraic expressions can be modified as per the LPA without changing the value of the algebraic expressions.

•  definition of polynomials

•  simplification of polynomials

•  addition and subtraction of polynomials

•  multiplication and division of polynomials

•  factorization of polynomials

An example illustrating use of LPA in algebraic expressions.

eg: addition of two polynomials x^2-x and x-3 (x^2-x)+(x-3)

as per closure property of addition (x-3) is a number, and as per associative property of addition
=x^2+(-x+(x-3))

as per associative property of addition
=x^2+(-x+x)-3

=x^2+0-3

=x^2-3

This example is quite simple for the elaborate solution. The elaborate solution is presented to illustrate the way the LPA is used in modifying algebraic expressions. For complex problems, this procedure helps to clarify if the steps are correct.

We learned that "Multiple Numerical equations can be added, subtracted, multiplied, divided into new equations".

Algebraic equations are modified to arrive at solutions with modifications of algebraic expressions and equations as per the LPA.

An example illustrating use of LPA in algebraic equations.

3x+5 = 11

add the known equation -5=-5 to the algebraic equation => (3x+5) -5 = 11 -5

as per associative law
=> 3x+(5 -5) = 11-5

as per PEMA precedence
=> 3x+0 = 6

as per additive identity property 3x+0 = 3x
=> 3x = 6

divide by the equation 3=3
=> (3x)-:3 = 6 -:3

as per the commutative law of multiplication 3x=x xx 3
=> (x xx 3)-:3 = 6-:3

as per multiplicative inverse property and associative law of multiplication
=> x xx (3 xx 1/3) = 6-:3

as per PEMA precedence
=> x xx 1 = 2

as per multiplicative identity
=> x=2

This example is quite simple for the elaborate solution. This elaborate solution is presented to illustrate the way the LPA is used in handling equations. When the problem is complex, this procedure helps to clarify if the steps are correct.

We learned that "A numerical expression can be modified as per Laws and Properties of Arithmetics to arrive at an equivalent numerical expression, which together is a numerical identity".

Algebraic expressions are modified to arrive at an equivalent algebraic expression, which together is an algebraic identity.

An example illustrating use of LPA in deriving algebraic identities.

(a+b)(a-b)

as per closure law of addition a+b is a number and as per distributive law =(a+b) xx a - (a+b)xxb

as per distributive law
=a xx a +b xx a - axx b - bxxb

as per commutative law of multiplication
=a xx a +a xx b - axx b - bxxb

as per closure law of multiplication a xx b is a number and as per additive inverse property axxb - axxb = 0
=a xx a + 0 - bxxb

=a^2-b^2

This results in the identity (a+b)(a-b) = a^2-b^2.

We learned that "A Numerical Inequation and an equation can be combined, by addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division -- into a derived inequation."

Algebraic inequations can be modified with known numerical equations or other given algebraic equations.

An example illustrating use of LPA in algebraic inequations.

Consider 3x+2<8

Considering an equation -2=-2 and adding that to the inequation
=> (3x+2)-2 <8-2

=> 3x+(2-2)<8-2

=> 3x+0<6

=> 3x<6

considering the equation 3=3 and dividing the inequation by this
=> 3x-:3<6-:3

by commutative law of multiplication 3 xx x = x xx 3
=> (x xx 3) -:3 < 6-:3

by associative law of multiplication
=> x xx (3 xx 1/3) < 6-:3

by multiplicative identity and inverse properties
=> x< 2

This example is quite simple to give such an elaborate solution. The elaborate solution is presented to illustrate the way the LPA is used in handling algebraic inequations. When the problem is complex, this procedure helps to clarify if the steps are correct.

Algebra - First Principles : Algebra deals with algebraic expressions.

Algebraic expressions are representation of quantities with variables, numbers, and arithmetic operations between them.

The expressions are modified as per the PEMA precedence and CADI Laws and properties of Arithmetics.

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