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Thought-Process to Discover Knowledge

Welcome to nubtrek.

Books and other education websites provide "matter-of-fact" knowledge. Instead, nubtrek provides a thought-process to discover knowledge.

In each of the topic, the outline of the thought-process, for that topic, is provided for learners and educators.

Read in the blogs more about the unique learning experience at nubtrek.
mathsStatistics and ProbabilityStatistics : Analysis of Data

### Cumulative Frequency

•  range of data

•  frequency of a data-point

•  cumulative frequency

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We studied about the following in the earlier class.

Data : Collection of information is data.
eg: Height of students in cm -- 90, 97, 91, 92, 90

Statistics is study of recording, representing, and analysis of data.

This topic goes into details of collecting and organizing data.

Consider the data: Number of glasses of water students drink during the school time is given below.

2, 3, 1, 4, 1,
1, 2, 2, 1, 2,
3, 2, 2, 3, 5,
2, 5, 1, 1, 2,
2, 1, 3, 2, 2,
1, 2, 1, 2, 2,
3, 2, 2, 5, 4,
2, 1, 3, 1, 2

This form of data is called "raw data"

The word "raw" means: in the original form; not modified for any purpose.

Consider the data: Number of glasses of water students drink during the school time.

The figure illustrates the tally marks for the given data.

Consider the data: Number of glasses of water students drink during the school time.

The recorded data is converted into table form and this is illustrated in the figure.

Consider the data: Number of glasses of water students drink during the school time.

From the table, one can find that, the minimum number of glass of water is 1.

From the table, one can find that, the maximum number of glass of water is 5.

In a given data, the values have a minimum and maximum. All the data values are within the minimum and maximum. This is called "range" of the data. In the given example, the range of data is 1 to 5.

The word "range" means: the possible values within a lower limit and an upper limit.

familiarize with the terminology
range

Consider the data: Number of glasses of water students drink during the school time.

One wants to find, the number of students who had 4 glasses-of-water. From the table, the row where the number of glasses of 4 is chosen and the column "count" provides the answer 2.

In a data, the data-values are counted and the number of times a data-value repeats is called "frequency" of the data-value. In the given example,

•  the frequency of 1 is 11

•  the frequency of 2 is 18

•  the frequency of 3 is 6

•  the frequency of 4 is 2

•  the frequency of 5 is 3

The word "frequency" means the count or rate at which something happens.

familiarize with the terminology
frequency

Considering the given data: one can find that the number of students who had 3 glasses or less is 35.

In a data set, the data-values are ordered in ascending order. The count of data-values that are less than or equal to a specific data value is called the "cumulative frequency" at the specific data-value. In the given example,

•  the cumulative frequency at 1 is 11

•  the cumulative frequency at 2 is 29

•  the cumulative frequency at 3 is 35

•  the cumulative frequency at 4 is 37

•  the cumulative frequency at 5 is 40

The word "cumulative" means: increasing by successive addition.

familiarize with the terminology
cumulative

Range of data : The possible values within a lower limit and an upper limit is called the range of data.

Frequency of a data point : The number of times a data value is repeated is the frequency of the data.

Cumulative Frequency : The number of times a data value or the data-values lower than that value is repeated, is the cumulative frequency at the data value.

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