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Thought-Process to Discover Knowledge

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nub,

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summary of this topic

### Direction - Unique Feature of Vectors

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Home

Understanding Direction

»  Independence of Quantities along Orthogonal Directions

→  For a vector, changes along one axis affect only the component along that axis and do not affect the components along other axes, as the axes are orthogonal

»  Effect of Direction:

→  Addition involves right-triangles and Pythagorean identity

→  Product between quantities involves either one of component in parallel or perpendicular

### Understanding Direction

plain and simple summary

nub

plain and simple summary

nub

dummy

Any change in a direction affects component along that direction only and does not affect the components in the directions at 90^@ to that direction.

In arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication by a scalar, and product of vectors, – the results are computed for

•  components in parallel

•  components in perpendicular

Each of these two components interact differently.

simple steps to build the foundation

trek

simple steps to build the foundation

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How the property 'direction' affects vector quantities in mathematical calculations?

Keep tapping on the content to continue learning.
Starting on learning "Understanding Direction". ;; How the property 'direction' affects vector quantities in mathematical calculations?

The fundamental mathematical operations for vectors are introduced. Let us see how having direction component affects these fundamental operations in vectors.

A person walks 5m east and then takes the following path

•  3m north

•  4.2m south

•  3/4 m north

At this position, how far is the person away from the starting point in the east direction ?

• 5m
• 5+3+4.2+3/4m
• 5+3-4.2+3/4m
• none of the above

Answer is '5m '– as the person moved 5 meter east and then all his movements were in directions north and south.

Note that any change in north and south direction does not affect the magnitude in east direction.

A ball has a velocity in x-axis 20 m/sec. It also has an unknown velocity in y-axis. In 2 seconds, how far the ball would travel along x-axis?

• cannot calculate as the velocity along y-axis is not given
• 20xx2 along x-axis

Answer is '20xx2' along the x-axis. The velocity causes displacement. The result 'displacement' in one direction is only caused by the component of 'velocity' in that direction.

A person walks 5m at 30^@ angle to east. Then he turns 90^@ clockwise and walks for 2m. What is the distance from the starting point along the direction 30^@ angle to east?

• 5m
• 7m
• sqrt(5^2+7^2)
• none of the above

Answer is '5m' – as the person moved only 5 meter in the direction 30^@ angle to east. He walked in perpendicular to the direction after that.

A person walks 5m at 30^@ angle to east. Then he turns 40^@ clockwise and walks for 2m. What is the distance from the starting point along the direction 30^@ angle to east?

• 5m
• 7m
• sqrt(5^2+7^2)
• none of the above

Answer is 'none of the above' – The 2m walk is not at right angle to the direction in question.

This is explained with an illustration in the next page.

Take two persons A and B start from the point o and walks to p in direction the d.
•  Person A turns at right angle and walks to q
•  Person B turns at an angle 40^@ and walks to r

The displacement along direction d is asked.
•  For person A, the displacement along d is between points o and p
•  For person B the displacement along d is between points o and s, as the segment bar(pr) has component bar(ps) along direction d.

The component which is in perpendicular to a direction does not affect the component in the direction. The directions which are at 90^@ angle are referred to as orthogonal directions.

How does direction affect vector quantities in multiplication? At an abstract level, there are two products possible. Given multiplicand vec p and multiplier vec q. vec q is split into vec a and vec b, such that
vec q = vec a + vec b and
vec a is in parallel to vec p
vec b is in perpendicular to vec p

two forms of multiplications are defined for each of these two components.

•  one with component in parallel to the other, called vector dot product.vec p cdot vec q = vec p cdot vec a

•  another with component in perpendicular to the vector, called vector cross product. vec p times vec q = vec p times vec b

comprehensive information for quick review

Jogger

comprehensive information for quick review

Jogger

dummy

Independence of Quantities along orthogonal directions: For a vector, changes along one axis affect only the component along that axis and do not affect the components along other axes, as the axes are orthogonal.

Effect of direction: In mathematical calculations, vectors have the following properties
•  A vector is represented as components along orthogonal directions.

•  In vector addition, components in parallel add up and components in perpendicular are combined using Pythagoras Theorem.

•  Two types of vector multiplication are defined,

•  In vector dot product, only the component of the vector in parallel to the other vector takes part in multiplication.

•  In vector cross product, only the component of the vector in perpendicular to the other vector takes part in multiplication.

practice questions to master the knowledge

Exercise

practice questions to master the knowledge

Exercise

What is repeated addition of a vector?

• Multiplication of vector by Scalar
• Multiplication of magnitude of vector without direction

The answer is 'Multiplication of vector by Scalar'

Progress

Progress

The fundamental mathematical operations for vectors are introduced. Let us see how having direction component affects these fundamental operations in vectors.
A person walks 5 meter east and then takes the following path;; 3 meter north;; 4 point 2 meter south;; 3 divided by 4 meter north. At this position, how far is the person away from the starting point in the east direction.
1
2
3
4
The answer is "5 meter" as the person moved 5 meter east and then all his movements were in directions north and south.
Note that any change in north and south direction does not affect the magnitude in east direction.
Any change in a direction affects component along that direction only and does not affect the components in the directions at 90 degree to that direction.
Independence of Quantities along orthogonal directions: For a vector, changes along one axis affect only the component along that axis and do not affect the components along other axes, as the axes are orthogonal.
A ball has a velocity in x-axis 20 meter per sec. It also has an unknown velocity in y-axis. In 2 seconds, how far the ball would travel along x-axis?
cannot;calculate;velocity
cannot calculate as the velocity along y-axis is not given
20;2;along
20 times 2 along x axis
The answer is "20 times 2 along x axis". The velocity causes displacement. The result 'displacement' in one direction is only caused by the component of 'velocity' in that direction.
A person walks 5 meter at 30 degree angle to east. Then he turns 90 degree clockwise and walks for 2 meter. What is the distance from the starting point along the direction 30 degree angle to east?
5
5 meter
7
7 meter
square;root
square root 5 squared + 7 squared
none;above
none of the above
The answer is "5 meter". – as the person moved only 5 meter in the direction 30 degree angle to east. He walked in perpendicular to the direction after that.
A person walks 5 meter at 30 degree angle to east. Then he turns 40 degree clockwise and walks for 2 meter. What is the distance from the starting point along the direction 30 degree angle to east?
5
5 meter
7
7 meter
square;root
square root 5 squared + 7 squared
none;above
none of the above
The answer is "none of the above". The 2 meter walk is not at right angle to the direction in question. ;; This is explained with an illustration in the next page.
Take two persons A and B start from the point o and walks to p in direction the d. ;; Person A turns at right angle and walks to q ;; Person B turns at an angle 40 degree and walks to r. ;; The displacement along direction d is asked. ;; For person A, the displacement along d is between points o and p. ;; For person B the displacement along d is between points o and s, as the segment p r has component p s along direction d.
The component which is in perpendicular to a direction does not affect the component in the direction. The directions which are at 90 degree angle are referred to as orthogonal directions.
In arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication by a scalar, and product of vectors, – the results are computed for ;; components in parallel ;; components in perpendicular ;; Each of these two components interact differently.
How does direction affect vector quantities in multiplication? ;; At an abstract level, there are two products possible. Given multiplicand vector p and multiplier vector q; vector q is split into vector a and vector b, such that ;; vector q = vector a + vector b and ;;vector a is in parallel to vector p ;; vector b is in perpendicular to vector p ;; two forms of multiplications are defined for each of these two components. ;; one with component in parallel to the other, called vector dot product. ; vector p dot vector q = vector p dot vector a ;; another with component in perpendicular to the vector, called vector cross product. vector p cross vector q = vector p times vector b.
Effect of direction: In mathematical calculations, vectors have the following properties ;; A vector is represented as components along orthogonal directions.;; In vector addition, components in parallel add up and components in perpendicular are combined using Pythagoras Theorem. ;; Two types of vector multiplication are defined, ;; In vector dot product, only the component of the vector in parallel to the other vector takes part in multiplication. ;; In vector cross product, only the component of the vector in perpendicular to the other vector takes part in multiplication.
What is repeated addition of a vector?
scalar
Multiplication of vector by Scalar
magnitude;direction;without
Multiplication of magnitude of vector without direction
The answer is 'Multiplication of vector by Scalar'

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